The patented design of this unit improves grinder efficiency The Annihilator (photo) is a twin-shaft, solids-reduction unit designed for a variety of industrial and municipal installations, including sewage lift stations, head works and sludge processing systems. The unit’s counter-rotating, hexagonal-shaft…
Membrane polymers are packaged into a configuration, commonly called a device or an element. The most-common element configurations (figure) are tubular, capillary fiber, spiral wound, and plate and frame. Tubular Made from ceramic, carbon, stainless steel or a number…
The use of gasketed plate-and-frame heat exchangers has gained tremendous acceptance in the chemical process industries (CPI) over the past 20 years due to their high heat-transfer coefficients, compactness and low cost. However, it is important for the engineer who…
Conveyor selection is always defined by the larger project that it is meant to serve. First, there is a broad range of performance factors that must be met. Meanwhile, health, safety and environmental considerations usually outweigh the costs involved. After…
This brief introduction to nanotechnology provides a basic understanding to those new to the field Most chemical engineers and chemists are aware of the recent excitement generated by nanotechnology, but many may wonder what all the fuss is about. Nanotechnology…
Friction Factor Fluid flowing through pipes experiences resistance due to viscosity, turbulence and roughness of the pipe surface. The Darcy-Weisbach Equation (1) is commonly used for the analysis of steady-state, Newtonian-fluid flow inside pipes. It summarizes the relations between frictional…
Eye injuries of all types occur at a rate of more than 2,000 per day in the U.S., and half of those occur in the workplace. In 2006, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported over 52,000 workplace injuries…
There is increasing pressure on industry to reduce both energy usage and the associated CO2 emissions. An important and profitable action that industry can take is to recover more process energy and thus improve the efficient use of that energy.…
I would like to draw your attention to a few points on the November 2008 article, Pressure Relief System Design (pp. 40–45): 1. Pressure drop and pressure loss: The inlet pressure “drop” that the author refers to under Relief system…
As an energy resource, global coal reserves represent 2,000 billion barrels of oil equivalent. In 2007, global oil reserves were about 1,300 billion barrels of oil. World wide, oil demand will grow 40 to 50% by 2030. But coal offers…