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Aluminum Chloride Production

This column is based on “Aluminum Chloride Production Process – Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/aluminum-chloride-production-cost. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is among the most widely used Lewis acids in industry, and is also one…

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pH Measurement in Industrial Waters

Determination of pH is a critical and ubiquitous operation whenever water is used in the chemical process industries (CPI). This one-page reference provides a review of pH chemistry and information on pH measurement equipment in CPI applications. Chemistry of pH…

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Design of Experiments (DoE):How to Handle Hard-to-Change Factors Using a Split Plot

This methodology facilitates multifactor testing. However, it comes at a price: a loss in power for detecting effects The traditional approach to experimentation — often referred to as the “scientific method” — requires changing only one factor at a time…

Magnetically Coupled Pumps: Structure, Function and Best Practice

Understanding pump internals, especially the various sealing and coupling arrangements, is a critical step in selecting the optimal pump There is a significant risk for operators associated with the pump selection process. Economic issues, such as procurement and operating costs,…

AODD Pumps in Chemical Processes

Advancements in efficiency and the ability to handle a wide array of chemicals combine to make the air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pump a useful choice for chemical processors The circumstances surrounding the development of the air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumping principle six…

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Terephthalic Acid Production from p-Xylene

This column is based on “Terephthalic Acid Production from p-Xylene — Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/terephthalic-acid-production-cost. Terephthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, mainly used to produce saturated polyesters, primarily PET (polyethylene…

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Distillation Column Design Factors

Distillation is a critical separation tool for many applications in the chemical process industries (CPI), and the intelligent design of a distillation column can have a large impact on eventual process performance and efficiency. This reference sheet outlines the design…

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The Benefits Of Two-Stage Drying

Circular fluidized-bed dryers can boost the capacity, energy efficiency and product quality when used in conjunction with other primary dryers Two-stage drying provides benefits from the standpoints of cost, energy savings, efficiency and product quality. This is especially the case…

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Air-Pollution Control: Assessing the Options

Compliance with air-pollution regulations requires ongoing effort. Follow these recommendations to assess competing options and optimize system design while minimizing cost and risk The goal of air-pollution control (APC) is to limit the amount of pollutants entering the environment. These…

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Microreactors: Lessons Learned From Industrial Applications

Implementing microreactors in chemical production is quite a challenge. How these challenges can be met is described here At the heart of a chemical process is the reactor, where the conversion of reactants to products occurs. Depending on the need…