Determination of pH is a critical and ubiquitous operation whenever water is used in the chemical process industries (CPI). This one-page reference provides a review of pH chemistry and information on pH measurement equipment in CPI applications. Chemistry of pH…
This column is based on “Terephthalic Acid Production from p-Xylene — Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/terephthalic-acid-production-cost. Terephthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, mainly used to produce saturated polyesters, primarily PET (polyethylene…
Implementing microreactors in chemical production is quite a challenge. How these challenges can be met is described here At the heart of a chemical process is the reactor, where the conversion of reactants to products occurs. Depending on the need…
Circular fluidized-bed dryers can boost the capacity, energy efficiency and product quality when used in conjunction with other primary dryers Two-stage drying provides benefits from the standpoints of cost, energy savings, efficiency and product quality. This is especially the case…
With a focus on flowmeters, this article shows how advances in measurement technologies help safety system designers reduce risk and cost in their safety instrumented systems (SIS) design and lifecycle management Successful implementation and management of a safety instrumented system…
Compliance with air-pollution regulations requires ongoing effort. Follow these recommendations to assess competing options and optimize system design while minimizing cost and risk The goal of air-pollution control (APC) is to limit the amount of pollutants entering the environment. These…
Distillation is a critical separation tool for many applications in the chemical process industries (CPI), and the intelligent design of a distillation column can have a large impact on eventual process performance and efficiency. This reference sheet outlines the design…
This column is based on “Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride — Cost Analysis,” a report by Intratec. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/chlorine-production-cost. Chlorine is among the most important chemical commodities — it is used in the manufacture of a…
Ongoing advances in both adsorbent materials and system engineering allow today’s pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems to produce nitrogen of varying purities and volumes at relatively low cost compared to cryogenic air separation Nitrogen production that is carried out using…
Combustion in industrial burners is a critical operation in the chemical process industries (CPI) for supplying thermal energy for heat transfer, fluid heating, steam generation, distillation, endothermic chemical reactions, metal melting and others. Burners are mechanical devices utilized for mixing…