Technical & Practical
Selecting Two- and Four-wire Magnetic Flowmeters
To optimize process control and overall plant performance, magnetic flowmeters (mag meters) are the most widely used devices in many industrial flow-measurement applications. Mag meters are used to measure the flow of water and other conductive liquids by applying a…
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Electrolyte Systems
Thermodynamics cannot yield any information about the intermediate states of a given reacting system. These intermediate states are the subject matter of chemical kinetics, which studies reaction rates and mechanisms. Chemical kinetics will predict what chemicals are present while thermodynamics…
Distillation Optimization By Vapor Recompression
Distillation is one of the most extensively used operations in the chemical process industries (CPI). It is a highly energy-intensive unit operation, and continuously rising energy costs make it imperative to look for ways to reduce energy requirements. Some energy-saving…
Condition Monitoring for Rotating Machinery
Rotating machines, such as pumps, compressors, gas turbines, steam turbines and electric motors, play crucial roles in most chemical process industries (CPI) facilities. Increasingly, advanced condition monitoring is being used to improve the operation and maintenance of these workhorse components.…
How to Disperse Gases in Liquids
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Calculating Pressure-Release Times
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Effects of CO2 in Steam Systems
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Vessel Sizing and Level Instrumentation
Level measurement and control in process vessels can be one of the most challenging applications in which to obtain consistently safe and reliable results. Part of this difficulty may be due to the fact that the sizing of the vessel…
Effective Thermal Design Of Cooling Towers
Various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers. Sometimes related parameters, such as range, approach, effectiveness, liquid-to-gas ratio ( L/G), wet-bulb temperature, cooling water temperature, relative humidity, number of transfer units (NTU) and other terms…
Choosing Oil-injected Screw Compressors
Screw compressors are widely used throughout the chemical process industries (CPI) and represent a substantial percentage of all positive-displacement compressors that are now sold and in operation in CPI facilities. In general, screw compressors are efficient, reliable, simple and…